This graphic compares two advice models for handling complex cross-border pension decisions. The top section shows a fragmented approach, with separate tax adviser, investment manager and cashflow planner roles operating independently, alongside a warning that this can lead to contradictory recommendations, untested assumptions and no single point of accountability. The lower section presents Edale’s integrated approach, bringing together tax, investments and cashflow planning in one coordinated framework. Supporting labels reference treaty analysis, foreign tax credits and SA106 reporting on the tax side, PFIC considerations and allocation on the investment side, and multi-year modelling, Monte Carlo analysis and foreign exchange considerations on the cashflow side. The purpose of the graphic is to show the benefit of coordinated cross-border advice where tax, investment and planning decisions are closely linked.